Catalysts for olefin polymerization

ABSTRACT

Olefins can be polymerized in the presence of a catalyst system composition comprising chromium oxides supported on a inorganic oxide support, a pyrrole-containing compound and a non-hydrolyzed metal alkyl. The use of this type of polymerization catalyst in a polymerization process can produce an olefin comonomer in-situ, resulting in polymers having decreased density and increased branching.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 07/976,124, filedNov. 13, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,070.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the polymerization catalyst systems andpolymerization processes for mono-1-olefins.

It is well known that mono-1-olefins, such as ethylene, can bepolymerized with catalyst systems employing vanadium, chromium or othermetals on inorganic oxide, or refractory, supports. Initially, suchcatalyst systems were used primarily to form homopolymers of ethylene.It soon developed, however, that many applications required polymerswhich were more impact resistant than ethylene homopolymers.Consequently, in order to produce polymers having short chain branching,like the more flexible free radical polymerized polymers, comonomerssuch as propylene, butene, hexene or other higher olefins werecopolymerized with the ethylene to provide resins tailored to specificend uses. The copolymers, however, are more expensive to produce sinceinventories of different monomers must be kept and also the comonomersare generally more expensive than ethylene. Linear ethylene polymerswith short chain branching can be formed from a pure ethylene feed usingthe old free radical high pressure process, but the conditions necessaryto do this make the product too expensive to be commercially viable atthis time.

Additional control over the polymerization process and the resultantpolymer is also desired. A process to consistently reduce the density oflinear olefin polymers and to more efficiently produce and incorporatecomonomers into the linear olefin polymer is economically advantageous.A shift in the polymer branch distribution, wherein the branch length isdecreased and the amount of branching is increased, is also economicallydesirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a low costroute to linear olefin polymers having toughness imparted by short chainbranching.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a process by whicholefin polymers having properties associated with copolymers can beobtained from a substantially pure, single olefin feed.

It is yet a further object of this invention to provide an improvedpolymerization process.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a novelpolymerization process to control polymer density.

It is yet a further object of this invention to provide a novelpolymerization process to improve comonomer production and incorporationinto olefin polymers.

In accordance with this invention, a substantially pure, single olefinfeed is contacted under polymerization conditions with a polymerizationcatalyst system composition comprising a transition metal supported onan inorganic oxide support, a pyrrole-containing compound, and a metalalkyl.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Catalyst Systems

The catalyst support can be any conventional polymerization catalystsupport. Preferably, one or more refractory metal oxides comprise thecatalyst support. Exemplary refractory metal oxides include, but are notlimited to alumina, boria, magnesia, thoria, zirconia, silica, ormixtures thereof. The catalyst support can be prepared in accordancewith any method known in the art. Exemplary support method preparationsare given in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,887,494; 3,900,457; 4,053,436; 4,151,122;4,294,724; 4,392,990; and 4,405,501, the disclosures of which are hereinincorporated by reference.

In the description herein the terms "cogel" and "cogel hydrogel" arearbitrarily used to describe cogelled silica and titania, The term"tergel" is used to describe the product resulting from gelationtogether of silica, titania, and chromium. "Hydrogel" is defined as asupport component containing water. "Xerogel" is a support componentwhich has been dried and is substantially water-free. References to"silica" mean a silica-containing material, generally composed of 80 to100 weight percent silica, the remainder, if any, being selected fromthe group consisting of alumina, boria, magnesia, thoria, zirconia, ormixtures thereof. Other ingredients which do not adversely effect thecatalyst system or which are present to produce some unrelated resultscan also be present.

The catalyst component must be a chromium compound. The chromiumcomponent can be combined with the support component in any manner knownin the art, such as forming a co-precipitated tergel. Alternatively, anaqueous solution of a water soluble chromium component can be added tothe hydrogel of the support component. Suitable chromium compoundsinclude, but are not limited to, chromium nitrate, chromium acetate, andchromium trioxide. Alternatively, a solution of a hydrocarbon solublechromium component, such as tertiary butyl chromate, a diarene chromiumcompound, biscyclopentadienyl chromium (II) or chromium acetylacetonate,can be used to impregnate a xerogel support.

The chromium component is used in an amount sufficient to give about0.05 to about 5, preferably about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent chromiumbased on the total weight of the chromium and support after activation.

The resulting chromium component on the support component is thensubjected to activation in an oxygen-containing ambient in any mannerconventionally used in the art. Because of economy, the preferredoxygen-containing ambient is air, preferably dry air. The activation iscarried out at an elevated temperature for about 30 minutes to about 50hours, at a temperature within a range of about 300° to about 1000° C.preferably about 2 to about 10 hours, at a temperature within a range ofabout 400° to about 900° C. Under these conditions, at least asubstantial portion of any chromium in the lower valent state isconverted to the hexavalent form by this calcination procedure.

A preferred, second type of chromium catalyst system is prepared whenthe resulting previously calcined, supported catalyst system is thencooled and subjected to at least a partial reduction of the hexavalentchromium to a lower valence state. Preferably, a substantial portion ofthe chromium will be in the divalent state after the reduction process.

The reducing agent must be carbon monoxide. The reducing agent can beemployed at temperatures between about 300° to about 500° C. although itis more often employed at temperatures within a range of about 350° toabout 450° C. The partial pressure of the reducing gas in the reductionoperation can be varied from sub-atmospheric pressures to relativelyhigh pressures, but the simplest reducing operation is to utilize adilute solution of a pure reducing agent at about atmospheric pressure.Usually, a solution of about 10%, by volume, carbon monoxide in an inertambient, such as, for example, nitrogen and/or argon can be used.

The reduction time can vary from a few minutes to several hours or more.The extent of reduction can be followed by visual inspection of catalystsystem color. The color of the initial oxygen-activated catalyst systemis generally orange, indicating the presence of hexavalent chromium. Thecolor of tile reduced catalyst system employed in the invention is blue,indicating that all or substantially all of the initial hexavalentchromium has been reduced to lower oxidation states, generally thedivalent state.

The course of the reduction action of the air-activated orange catalystsystem with the reducing agent can be determined exactly by pulsetitration. A known amount of reducing agent is added per pulse and theamount of evolved oxidized reducing agent is measured. When reduction iscomplete, only reducing agent will be present and the catalyst is bluein color. The blue reduced catalyst system can be titrated with pulsesof oxygen or any oxidizing agent, to convert the catalyst to theoriginal orange color. When oxidation is complete, the oxidizing agentwill be evident in the off gas.

After reduction, the reduced, supported catalyst system is cooled toabout room temperature, e.g., about 25° C. in an inert atmosphere, suchas argon or nitrogen, to flush out reducing agent. After the flushingtreatment, the catalyst system is kept away from contact with either areducing agent or an oxidizing agent.

Catalyst system concentrations in a polymerization reactor areconventional and are usually within a range of about 0.001 to about 10weight percent, based on the weight of active chromium and the weight ofthe reactor contents.

The pyrrole-containing compound can be any pyrrole-containing compound.As used in this disclosure, the term "pyrrole-containing compound"refers to hydrogen pyrrolide, i.e., pyrrole, (C₄ H₅ N), derivatives ofhydrogen pyrrolide, as well as metal pyrrolide complexes. Broadly, thepyrrole-containing compound can be pyrrole and/or any heteroleptic orhomoleptic metal complex or salt, containing a pyrrolide radical, orligand. A "pyrrolide" is defined as a compound comprising a 5-membered,nitrogen-containing heterocycle, such as, for example, pyrrole,derivatives of pyrrole, and mixtures thereof. Generally, thepyrrole-containing compound will have from about 1 to about 20 carbonatoms per molecule. Exemplary pyrrolides are selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen pyrrolide (pyrrole), derivatives of pyrrole,substituted pyrrolides, lithium pyrrolide, sodium pyrrolide, potassiumpyrrolide, cesium pyrrolide, and/or the salts of substituted pyrrolides,because of high reactivity and activity with other reactants. Examplesof substituted pyrrolides include, but are not limited topyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 2-acetylpyrrole, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde,tetrahydroindole, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrrole, 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrrole,3-acetyl-2,4-dimethylpyrrole,ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-pyrrole-propionate,ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrole-carboxylate.

The most preferred pyrrole-containing compounds used in this inventionare selected from the group consisting of hydrogen pyrrolide (C₄ H₅ N)and/or 2,5-dimethyl pyrrole. While all pyrrole-containing compounds canproduce the desired polymer product characteristics, use of pyrroleand/or 2,5-dimethylpyrrole can produce enhanced catalyst systemactivity.

The amount of pyrrole or pyrrole-containing compound, present in thepolymerization reactor can be any amount sufficient to alter theresultant polymer properties. Generally, the molar ratio of moles ofactive chromium in the polymerization catalyst system to moles ofpyrrole-containing compound is within a range of about 1,000,000:1 toabout 10:1, preferably, within a range of about 100,000:1 to about100:1. Most preferably, the molar ratios of moles of active chromium inthe polymerization catalyst system to moles of pyrrole-containingcompound is within a range of 25,000:1 to 500:1 in order to optimize thedesired resultant polymer properties. Too much pyrrole-containingcompound can deactivate the polymerization catalyst system; too littlepyrrole-containing compound can result in no alteration of resultantpolymer properties and/or low polymerization activity.

The metal alkyl can be any heteroleptic or homoleptic metal alkylcompound. One or more metal alkyls can be used. The ligand(s) on themetal can be aliphatic and/or aromatic. Generally, the ligand(s) are anysaturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical. The metal alkyl can have anynumber of carbon atoms. However, due to commercial availability and easeof use, the metal alkyl usually will comprise less than about 70 carbonatoms per metal alkyl molecule and preferably less than about 20 carbonatoms per molecule. Preferred metal alkyls include, but are not limitedto, alkylaluminum compounds, alkylboron compounds, alkylmagnesiumcompounds, alkylzinc compounds and/or alkyllithium compounds. Exemplarymetal alkyls include, but are not limited to, n-butyllithium,s-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, diethylmagnesium, diethylzinc,triethylaluminum, trimethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and mixturesthereof.

Preferably, the metal alkyl is selected from the group consisting ofnon-hydrolyzed, i.e., not pre-contacted with water, alkylaluminumcompounds, derivatives of alkylaluminum compounds, halogenatedalkylaluminum compounds, and mixtures thereof for improved resultantpolymer characteristics. Exemplary alkylaluminum compounds include, butare not limited to, triethylaluminum, tripropylaluminum,tributylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum bromide,diethylaluminum ethoxide, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, and mixturesthereof for best catalyst system activity and product selectivity. Themost preferred alkylaluminum compound is triethylaluminum, for bestresults in catalyst system activity and product selectivity, as well ascommercial availability.

Most preferably, the metal alkyl must be at least one non-hydrolyzedalkylaluminum compound, expressed by the general formulae A1R₃, A1R₂ X,A1RX₂, A1R₂ OR, A1RXOR, and/or A1₂ R₃ X₃, wherein R is an alkyl groupand X is a halogen atom. Exemplary compounds include, but are notlimited to, triethylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, tributylaluminum,diethylaluminumchloride, diethylaluminumbromide,diethylaluminumethoxide, diethylaluminum phenoxide,ethylaluminumethoxychloride, and/or ethylaluminum sesquichloride.Preferably, the activating compound for a trimerization catalyst systemis a trialkylaluminum compound, A1R₃, for reasons given above. The mostpreferred trialkylaluminum compound is triethylaluminum, for reasonsgiven above.

The amount of metal alkyl present in the polymerization reactor can beany amount sufficient to aid polymerization of olefins. Generally, theamount of metal alkyl present in the polymerization reactor is within arange of about 0.1 to about 5,000 mg/kg (ppm), based on the mass ofdiluent in the reactor, preferably within a range of about 1 to about1,000 mg/kg. Most preferably, the amount of metal alkyl present in thepolymerization reactor is within a range of 5 to 500 mg/kg. Too muchmetal alkyl can deactivate, or kill, the polymerization catalyst system;too little metal alkyl can result in no beneficial effect on thepolymerization process.

Reaction Conditions

Polymerization can be carried out in any manner known in the art, suchas gas phase, solution or slurry conditions, to effect polymerization. Astirred reactor can be utilized for a batch process, or the reaction canbe carried out continuously in a loop reactor or in a continuous stirredreactor.

A preferred polymerization technique is that which is referred to as aparticle form, or slurry process, wherein the temperature is kept belowthe temperature at which polymer goes into solution. Such polymerizationtechniques are well known in the art and are disclosed for instance, inNorwood, U.S. Pat. No. 3,248,179, the disclosure of which is herebyincorporated by reference.

The preferred temperature in the particle form process is within therange of about 176° to about 230° F. (66° to 110° C.) and preferredpressures for the particle form process can vary from about 110 to about770 psia (0.76-4.8 MPa) or higher. Two preferred polymerization methodsfor the slurry process are those employing a loop reactor of the typedisclosed in Norwood and those utilizing a plurality of stirred reactorseither in series, parallel or combinations thereof wherein the reactionconditions are different in the different reactors. For instance, in aseries of reactors, a chromium catalyst system which has not beensubjected to the reduction step can be utilized either before or afterthe reactor utilizing the catalyst system of this invention. In anotherspecific instance, a conventional chromium oxide catalyst on apredominantly silica support can be utilized in a reactor in parallelwith a reactor utilizing the catalyst system of this invention and theresulting polymerization influence combined prior to recovering thepolymer.

The molecular weight of the polymer can be controlled by various meansknown in the art such as adjusting the temperature (higher temperaturegiving lower molecular weight) and introducing additional hydrogen tolower the molecular weight or varying the catalyst system compounds.

Polymer Characteristics

The polymers produced in accordance with this invention have reduceddensity and broadened molecular weight distribution especially on thelow molecular weight side. This polymerization process is mostpreferably applicable for use with ethylene polymerization, for bestin-situ comonomer production.

The addition of the pyrrole-containing compound and metal alkyl willusually result in a polymer with a density within a range of about 0.92to about 0.97 g/cc, and preferably within a range of about 0.93 to about0.96 g/cc. Most preferably, the resultant polymer density is within arange of 0.94 to 0.96 g/cc. The polymer product melt index (MI) isusually within a range of about 0.001 to about 100 g/10 rain, andpreferably within a range of about 0.01 to about 10 g/10 min. Mostpreferably, the MI of the resultant polymer is within a range of 0.01 to5 g/10 min. The high load melt index (HLMI) of the resultant polymerwill usually be within a range of about 0.1 to about 100 g/10 rain, andpreferably within a range of about 0.1 to about 60 g/10 min. Mostpreferably, the HLMI is within a range of 1 to 50 g/10 min. The ratio ofthe HLMI/MI of the resultant polymer is usually within a range of about30 to about 400, and preferably within a range of about 50 to about 300.Most preferably, the HLMI/MI is within a range of 50 to 200. Polymerswith characteristics within the ranges given above are especially usefulfor applications of blow molding.

A further, non-limiting understanding of the invention can be obtainedfrom the following Examples.

EXAMPLES

The following Examples illustrate, but do not limit, various aspects ofthe invention. Data are included for each example about thepolymerization reaction conditions, as well as the resultant polymer.

Polymer density was determined in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc) on acompression molded sample, cooled at about 15° C. per hour, andconditioned for about 40 hours at room temperature in accordance withASTM D1505 and ASTM D1928, condition C. High low melt index (HLMI) wasdetermined in accordance with ASTM D1238 at 190° C. with a 21,600 gramweight. Melt index (MI) was determined according to ASTM D1238 at 190°C., with a 2,160 gram weight.

Example I

A polymerization reaction was completed in a two-liter autoclave reactorat 95° C. using an isobutane slurry. The chromium catalyst system usedwas Magnapore HT, available from Davison Chemical Company, a division ofW. R. Grace, and was one (1) weight percent chromium. The chromiumcatalyst system was activated at 650° C. for a time of 3 hours in air,and then reduced at 370° C. for a time of 30 minutes in the presence ofcarbon monoxide. Approximately 0.14 gram of chromium polymerizationcatalyst system was charged to the reactor; then 0.5 liters of isobutanewere added. A solution containing 0.025 mmoles hydrogen pyrrolide (C₄ H₄N) and 0.046 mmoles triethylaluminum (TEA) in heptane was added to thereactor. The final TEA concentration in the reactor was about 9 mg/kg,based on total reactor diluent. An additional 0.5 liters of isobutanewere added and used to flush in the hydrogen pyrrolide and TEA. Thechromium polymerization catalyst system was mixed with the hydrogenpyrrolide and TEA in the reactor for approximately 10 minutes beforeethylene was added for a final pressure of 550 psig. Ethyleneconcentration in the polymerization reactor was about 7 to about 8weight percent. The polymerization time was 65 minutes.

The polymerization reaction produced 53 grams of polymer, with a yieldof 342 grams polymer per gram chromium polymerization catalyst systemper hour.

Example II

A polymerization reaction was completed in a two-liter autoclave reactorat 95° C. using an isobutane slurry. The chromium catalyst system usedwas Magnapore HT, available from Davison Chemical Company, a division ofW. R. Grace, and was one (1) weight percent chromium. The chromiumcatalyst system was activated at 650° C. for a time of 3 hours in air,and then reduced at 370° C. for a time of 30 minutes in the presence ofcarbon monoxide. Approximately 0.085 gram of chromium polymerizationcatalyst system was charged to the reactor; then 0.5 liters of isobutanewere added. A solution containing 0.0512 mmoles hydrogen pyrrolide (C₄H₄ N) and 0.0512 mmoles triethylaluminum (TEA) in heptane was added tothe reactor. Final TEA concentration in the reactor was about 10 mg/kg,based on total reactor diluent. An additional 0.5 liters of isobutanewere added and used to flush in the hydrogen pyrrolide and TEA. Thechromium polymerization catalyst system was mixed with the hydrogenpyrrolide and TEA in the reactor for approximately 10 minutes beforeethylene was added for a final pressure of 550 psig. Ethyleneconcentration in the polymerization reactor was about 7 to about 8weight percent. The polymerization time was 65 minutes.

The polymerization reaction produced 9 grams of polymer, with a yield of148 grams polymer per gram chromium polymerization catalyst system perhour.

Example III

The polymerization reactions were completed in a 1 liter autoclavereactor at 90° C. using an isobutane slurry. The chromium catalystsystem used was 969 MS available from Davison Chemical Company, adivision of W. R. Grace, and was 0.5 weight percent chromium on a Grace,grade 952 silica, prepared in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,494.The chromium catalyst system was activated in air at 850° C. for threehours prior to use. Approximately 0.1 to 0.2 grams of chromium catalystsystem were charged to the reactor; then 0.5 liters of isobutane wereadded. 0.5 millimole, about 190 mg/kg, based on reactor diluent, oftriethylaluminum (TEA) were added to the reactor along with varyingamounts of hydrogen pyrrolide. Ethylene was added at 90° C. for a finalpressure of 550 psig.

The results of the polymerization reactions, using an oxidized-onlychromium catalyst system, are given Table I.

                                      TABLE I                                     __________________________________________________________________________              C.sub.4 H.sub.5 N                                                                        Activity,                Observed    Cr/Py,                  Cr catalyst                                                                         charged                                                                            Polymer                                                                             g pol/g                                                                            MI,  HLMI, HLMI/                                                                              Me/ Density,.sup.(a)                                                                     Density,                                                                           mole                Run charged, g                                                                          μ1                                                                              yield, g                                                                            cat/hr                                                                             g/10 min                                                                           g/10 min                                                                            MI   1000 C                                                                            g/cc   g/cc.sup.(b)                                                                       ratio               __________________________________________________________________________    301 0.2   none 127   1300 0.65 55     84  3.59                                                                              ND.sup.(c)                                                                           ND.sup.(c)                                                                         --                  302 0.1   none 6.4   130  0.002                                                                              0.5   344  3.36                                                                              0.958  0.971                                                                              --                  303 0.1   none 8.6   170  0.002                                                                              0.9   395  3.39                                                                              0.956  0.968                                                                              --                  304 0.2   0.13 36    360  0.54 35     64  4.00                                                                              0.952  0.953                                                                              10,000:1            305 0.2   0.65 36    360  1.0  53     52  4.48                                                                              0.952  0.952                                                                              2,000:1             306 0.2   1.3  7.8    75  0.61 71    117  5.92                                                                              0.958  0.959                                                                              1,000:1             __________________________________________________________________________     .sup.(a) Actual, not observed, density; not adjusted for 1 MI.                .sup.(b) Density adjusted for 1 MI, using relationship                        ##STR1##                                                                      .sup.(c) ND -- Not Determined.                                           

Example IV

The polymerizations for the following runs were completed similar tothat described in Example III.

However, the chromium catalyst system used was 969MS catalysts availablefrom Davison Chemical Company, a division of W. R. Grace, and was 0.5weight percent chromium on a Grace, Grade 952 silica prepared inaccordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,494. The chromium catalyst systemwas activated in air at a temperature of 850° C. for three hours, thencooled to 370° C., flushed-with nitrogen and reduced in carbon monoxideat 350° C. for thirty minutes, and finally flushed with nitrogen.

The results of the polymerization reactions, using an oxidized andsubsequently carbon monoxide reduced chromium catalyst system, are givenbelow in Table II.

                                      TABLE II                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                                        Observed                                                                            Cr/Py,                  Cr Catalyst                                                                         C.sub.4 H.sub.5 N                                                                   Polymer                                                                             Activity,                                                                            MI,  HLMI,             Density,                                                                            mole                Run Charged, g                                                                          charged, μl                                                                      Yield, g                                                                            g pol/g cat/hr                                                                       g/10 min.                                                                          g/10 min                                                                            HLMI/MI                                                                             Me/1000 C                                                                           g/cc.sup.(a)                                                                        ratio               __________________________________________________________________________    401 0.2   none  87    830    0.003                                                                              0.9   290   3.76  0.948 --                  402 0.2   0.13  90    900    0.054                                                                              5      93   4.72  0.947 10,000:1            403 0.2   0.65  82    740    0.012                                                                              2     150   4.20  0.950 2,000:1             404 0.2   1.3   54    940    0.013                                                                              2     150   4.61  0.946 1,000:1             __________________________________________________________________________     .sup.(a) Actual, observed density; not adjusted for 1 MI.                

The data in Table I show that even though the observed density remainsabout the same when increasing amounts of hydrogen pyrrolide are added,the number of methyl groups per 1,000 backbone carbon atoms, anindication of branching and comonomer production and incorporationincreases. The increased Me/1000 C value is indicative of additionalbranching on the polymer backbone.

The data in Table II indicate that, as with Example III, the observeddensity of the resultant polymer remains about the same, however, thenumber of methyl groups per 1,000 backbone carbon atoms is higher thanwhen no hydrogen pyrrolide is used, as in Run 401.

While this invention has been described in detail for the purpose ofillustration, it is not to be construed or limited thereby. Thisdetailed description is intended to cover all changes and modificationswithin the spirit and scope thereof.

That which is claimed is:
 1. A catalyst system compositioncomprising:(a) chromium oxide supported on an inorganic oxidesupport;wherein said chromium supported on an inorganic oxide supporthas been oxidized at a temperature within a range of about 300° to about1000° C. for a time within a range of about 30 minutes to about 50hours; (b) a pyrrole-containing compound; and (c) a non-hydrolyzed metalalkyl.
 2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said inorganicoxide support is selected from the group consisting of silica,silica-alumina, alumina, fluorided alumina, silated alumina, thoria,aluminaphosphate, aluminum phosphate, phosphated silica, phosphatedalumina, silica-titania, co-precipitated silica/titania,fluorided/silated alumina, and mixtures thereof.
 3. A compositionaccording to claim 1 wherein said chromium supported on an inorganicoxide support is contacted with carbon monoxide at a temperature withina range of about 200° to about 500° C. for a time within a range ofabout 30 minutes to about 50 hours, subsequent to said oxidation.
 4. Acomposition according to claim 1 wherein said pyrrole-containingcompound is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen pyrrolide,derivatives of pyrrole, and mixtures thereof.
 5. A composition accordingto claim 4 wherein said pyrrole-containing compound is hydrogenpyrrolide.
 6. A composition according to claim 1 wherein saidnon-hydrolyzed metal alkyl is selected from the group consisting ofaluminum alkyls, lithium alkyls, magnesium alkyls, zinc alkyls, andmixtures thereof.
 7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein saidnon-hydrolyzed metal alkyl compound is an aluminum alkyl compound.
 8. Acomposition according to claim 7 wherein said aluminum alkyl compound isa trialkyl aluminum compound.
 9. A composition according to claim 8wherein said trialkyl aluminum compound is triethylaluminum.
 10. Acatalyst system composition comprising:(a) chromium oxide supported onan inorganic oxide support; (b) hydrogen pyrrolide; and (c)triethylaluminum.
 11. A catalyst system composition consistingessentially of:(a) chromium oxide supported on an inorganic oxidesupport; (b) a pyrrole-containing compound; and (c) a non-hydrolyzedmetal alkyl.
 12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein saidinorganic oxide support is selected from the group consisting of silica,silica-alumina, alumina, fluorided alumina, silated alumina, thoria,aluminaphosphate, aluminum phosphate, phosphated silica, phosphatedalumina, silica-titania, co-precipitated silica/titania,fluorided/silated alumina, and mixtures thereof.
 13. A compositionaccording to claim 11 wherein said chromium supported on an inorganicoxide support is oxidized at a temperature within a range of about 300°to about 1,000° C. for a time within a range of about 30 minutes toabout 50 hours.
 14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein saidchromium supported on an inorganic oxide support is contacted withcarbon monoxide at a temperature within a range of about 200° to about500° C. for a time within a range of about 30 minutes to about 50 hours,subsequent to said oxidation.
 15. A composition according to claim 11wherein said pyrrole-containing compound is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen pyrrolide, derivatives of pyrrole, and mixturesthereof.
 16. A composition according to claim 15 wherein saidpyrrole-containing compound is hydrogen pyrrolide.
 17. A compositionaccording to claim 11 wherein said non-hydrolyzed metal alkyl isselected from the group consisting of aluminum alkyls, lithium alkyls,magnesium alkyls, zinc alkyls, and mixtures thereof.
 18. A compositionaccording to claim 17 wherein said non-hydrolyzed metal alkyl compoundis an aluminum alkyl compound.
 19. A composition according to claim 18wherein said aluminum alkyl compound is a trialkyl aluminum compound.20. A composition according to claim 19 wherein said trialkyl aluminumcompound is triethylaluminum.
 21. A catalyst system compositionconsisting essentially of:(a) chromium oxide supported on an inorganicoxide support; (b) hydrogen pyrrolide; and (c) triethylaluminum.